Waterproof Ratings and Breathability Explained: Everything You Need to Know

When it comes to choosing the right outdoor clothing, understanding waterproof and breathability ratings is key. Whether you’re braving a torrential downpour or need clothing that can handle high-intensity activities without overheating, these ratings help you find the perfect balance between staying dry and comfortable.

In this guide, we’ll break down what waterproof and breathability ratings mean, explain how they’re measured, and provide easy-to-read charts to make things clear. Let’s dive in!

What Are Waterproof Ratings?

Waterproof ratings indicate how well a fabric can withstand water pressure before it leaks. These ratings are measured in millimeters (mm), with higher numbers representing better waterproofing. The most common ratings range from 5,000mm to 20,000mm.

Here’s a quick overview of waterproof levels:

Waterproof Rating Chart

Waterproof Rating (mm)Protection LevelIdeal Use
0 – 1,500mmLight rain and drizzleUrban use, casual outdoor activities
1,500 – 5,000mmLight rain & showersHiking, camping
5,000 – 10,000mmRain, heavy rain and snowSkiing, snowboarding
10,000 – 20,000mmHeavy rain, snow & extreme conditionsMountaineering, prolonged heavy rain

How Waterproof Ratings Are Measured:

These ratings are determined in a lab using a hydrostatic head test, where water pressure is applied to the fabric until leakage occurs.

Example: A 10,000mm waterproof rating means the fabric can withstand a 10,000mm column of water before leaking.

What Are Breathability Ratings?

Breathability ratings measure how easily moisture (sweat) escapes from inside the fabric. This is particularly important for activities like hiking, skiing, or running, where staying dry on the inside is just as important as staying dry on the outside.

These ratings are typically expressed in grams per square meter per 24 hours (g/m²/24h) and represent how much moisture can pass through the fabric in that time.

Breathabilty Rating Chart

Breatability Rating (g/m²)PerformanceIdeal Use
up to 5,000gMinimal breathabilityLight activity, casual use
10,000gModerate breathabilityHiking, skiing
15,000gHigh breathabilityRunning, intense activities
20,000g+Exceptional breathabilityExtreme sports and high-intensity use

How Breathability Ratings Are Measured:

Breathability is often measured using the MVTR (Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate), which calculates how much water vapor passes through a fabric over 24 hours.

What makes clothing waterproof?

Typically waterproof clothing comprises of three layers, an outer layer, an inner membrane and mesh lining.

Infographic showing the 3 layers that typically make up waterproof clothing - outer layer, membrane and inner lining.

Outer Layer

Usually made with PES (polyester) or nylon. The primary role of the outer layer is initial protection against the elements as well as giving the garment it’s design, style and colour. Waterproofing is achieved by the application of a DWR coating (Durable Water Repellent) to the face fabric (outer layer).

Membrane

A mid-layer windproof and breathable membrane add protection by blocking wind and in reverse allows body moisture vapour to escape away to the outer layer where it evaporates and helps regulate body temperature.

Inner Layer

The mesh inner lining protects the mid membrane giving the garment a longer life cycle as well as improving the breathability of the garment. 

Waterproof garments are either two layers or, three layers, the former will be without the mesh inner layer. Three-layer garments have greater performance and durability.

Waterproof vs. Water-Resistant: What’s the Difference?

While the terms “waterproof” and “water-resistant” are often used interchangeably, they aren’t the same.

  • Waterproof: Fully blocks water from passing through the fabric, thanks to coatings or membranes.
  • Water-Resistant: Provides some protection but won’t hold up in heavy rain.

How Waterproof and Breathability Ratings Work Together

The ideal waterproof/breathability combination depends on your activity and environment. For instance:

  • High Waterproof + Low Breathability: Best for activities with minimal movement in wet conditions (e.g., standing on the terraces).
  • Moderate Waterproof + High Breathability: Ideal for high-intensity activities like hiking or skiing.

8,000 Waterproof Rating

Our Fritidsklader Softshell Jacket has three layers and an 8,000 waterproof rating.

  • OUTER LAYER - softshell woven fabric - 94% PES & 6% elastane
  • MEMBRANE - bounded windproof & breathable membrane
  • INNER LAYER - 100% PES mesh lining

Waterproof Softshell Jacket

Fritidsklader Football terrace wear
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White Softshell Jacket

FAQs About Waterproof and Breathability Ratings

What does a 10,000mm waterproof rating mean?

It means the fabric can withstand a 10,000mm column of water before it starts to leak. Or, will protect you from heavy rain and snow.

What does "breathability" mean for outdoor clothing?

It refers to a fabric’s ability to release moisture from inside, keeping you dry and comfortable during physical activity.

What Is a Good Waterproof Rating for Outdoor Activities?

A waterproof rating of 10,000mm+ is great for most outdoor activities.

How do I measure pit-to-pit sizing for jackets?

Check out our detailed guide on how to measure pit to pit.

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